Efektivitas Gel Antijerawat Ekstrak Metanol Daun Pacar Air (Impatiens balsamina L.) terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis Secara In Vitro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v2i4.68Keywords:
Methanolic extracts of Impatiens balsamina leaves, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, gel, carbopol, HPMCAbstract
Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis is an inflamation triggering bacterias in acne vulgaris. Plants that has been studied for antibacterial effect is Impatiens balsamina. Gel bases for acnes therapy are hydrophilic bases like HPMC (Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) and carbopol. The aim of this study was to know the optimum combination of Carbopol and HPMC (Hydroxypropyl metylcellulose) in gel formulation that gives best antibacterial effect and to evaluate physical and chemical properties of gel. Extraction was performed by soxhlet method with methanol as solvent. The design of optimum gel formulation was performed using simplex lattice design. Optimum gel formulation was combination of 21% HPMC and 79% Carbopol. Verification results showed that optimum gel of inhibition zone of P. acnes and S. epidermidis is 17.61±0.93 mm and 16.01±1.01 mm respectively. Positive control compared to optimum gel showed inhibition zone toward P.acnes and S.epidermidis of 29.1±1.34 mm and 24.98±1.83 mm respectively. Analysis results using T-test showed that p-value was lower than 0.05 (p<0.05) hence the effectivity from optimum gel was significantly different from positive control that has greater activity than optimum gel. Evaluation of optimum gel showed gel has dark brown color, specific odor from extract, adhesive force of 3.17 minutes, spreadibility of 32.69 cm2, viscosity of 436.66 cP and as well as the pH of 5.23.
Keywords: Methanolic extracts of Impatiens balsamina leaves, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, gel, carbopol, HPMC
ABSTRAK
Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis adalah bakteri pemicu peradangan pada jerawat. Tanaman yang telah banyak diteliti sebagai antibakteri adalah pacar air (Impatiens balsamina L.). Bahan dasar gel yang cocok untuk terapi jerawat adalah bahan dasar hidrofilik seperti HPMC (Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) dan karbopol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kombinasi optimum HPMC dan karbopol yang dapat memberikan efek antibakteri yang baik dan mengetahui evaluasi sediaan gel optimum secara fisik dan kimia. Ekstraksi daun pacar air menggunakan metode sokletasi dengan pelarut metanol. Perancangan formula optimum gel ekstrak metanol daun pacar air menggunakan simplex lattice design. Formula gel optimum adalah kombinasi HPMC 21% dan Karbopol 79%. Hasil verifikasi menunjukkan bahwa diameter zona hambat yang dihasilkan gel optimum berada dalam rentang yang diprediksi terhadap bakteri P.acnes dan S.epidermidis masing-masing sebesar 17,61±0,93 mm dan 16,01±1,01 mm. Kontrol positif setelah dibandingkan dengan gel optimum menghasilkan diameter zona hambat terhadap P.acnes dan S.epidermidis masing-masing sebesar 29,1±1,34 mm dan 24,98±1,83 mm. Hasil analisa uji T menunjukkan nilai (p<0,05) maka efektivitas gel optimum berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol positif dimana efektivitas kontrol positif lebih besar daripada gel optimum. Hasil evaluasi gel optimum yaitu gel berwarna coklat tua, berbau khas ekstrak dengan nilai daya lekat 3,17 menit, daya sebar 32,69 cm2 dan viskositas sebesar 426,66 cP serta nilai pH sebesar 5,23 yang memenuhi syarat.
Kata kunci: Ekstrak metanol daun pacar air, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, gel, karbopol, HPMC
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